Law and Society POLITICAL SCIENCE 4028

University of Colorado-Boulder

Dr. V. Baird, Professor

Office Ketchum 131D; Email bairdv@sobek.colorado.edu

Office Hours: Tuesday 3-5; Wednesday 10-12

(also by appointment)

Course Objectives

The main purpose of this course is to introduce you to classical and contemporary theories of the integration of law and society.At the end of the semester all students should have:
·experience with investigating the fundamental questions of law and society.
·improved their critical thinking skills.
·engaged in a critical analysis of important theoretical assumptions, claims, and arguments in a particular aspect of the existing theoretical literature on a topic in law and society.
·developed an appreciation for the political theories of law and society as an intellectual enterprise.

Structure of Course

You will be required to read both the classics and the most recent scholarship of law and society.The lectures will provide the necessary background information necessary to complement your reading and the seminar discussions will allow you to explore insights from the reading.You will be required to pick a topic from the variety of aspects of law and society scholarship, evaluate that scholarship and provide your own research design that would add to our knowledge of judicial behavior, given your evaluation of that literature.(The description of this assignment follows the Course Outline).You will be tested on your ability to evaluate alternative normative and positive theories of how law interacts with society.This approach allows for the achievement of the goals for this course, which are as follows:1) To obtain a good understanding of the workings of the law in the United States, recognizing the influences on society; 2) To obtain familiarity with current research in the field of law and society, and with the scholars conducting such research; and 3) To strengthen critical writing skills expected of a college-educated person, which means an ability to make a controversial (non-obvious) argument and to anticipate and reconcile all possible weaknesses of that argument.
We will spend a great deal of time discussing these issues in a seminar format, which means that everyone is expected to have done all the reading and each person is responsible for sharing their unique understanding of the topics.Each person’s contribution is highly valued and necessary for a successful seminar.

Course Requirements

You are required to come to every class day, prepared by the reading for discussion.25% of your grade will be composed of a combination of attendance and class participation.You can miss two classes without any consequences for your grade.If you have to miss more than two classes for any reason, then your attendance grade will suffer, regardless of the reason for missing class.If students are collectively not doing the reading, I will include pop quizzes as a part of that grade.In that case, pop quizzes will most often occur at the beginning of class and will consist of one or two general questions about the previous night’s reading that can be answered in five to ten sentences.I do not do pop quiz make-ups under any circumstances.If you are having trouble getting the reading, then it is your responsibility to let me know immediately so that I can make it available.There are two exams: a midterm and a final, each worth 25% of your grade and there will be one 12-15 page research paper (25%). These papers and their respective topics will be discussed during the course of the semester. Incompletes are strongly discouraged by the College and are only given for non-academic reasons.

The Rules

Please email me or come by my office at any time to discuss issues with the class.I am usually there and I usually answer emails from students within minutes of receiving them.I genuinely look forward to discussing issues in the class with students.I encourage you to use email or office visits for any issues related to the class.On the other hand, please do not leave me voice mail messages for any reason.I do not check voice mail.
In this class, we will be dealing with a great number of sensitive issues.I encourage feedback on my teaching style and the materials, both anonymously by email and otherwise, for any reason at any time, as long as it is respectful.Along those same lines, I always encourage students to disagree with anything I say at any time, again, as long as it is respectful.I expect all students to treat each other with respect as well.If I feel that you have treated me or any other student with disrespect, I will ask you to meet me in my office.If you continue at any other time to treat me or other students with disrespect, I will ask you to leave the classroom.Potentially, this kind of behavior could result in being dropped from the class.If you have any questions about my policies, or the University’s policy regarding classroom behavior, do not hesitate to bring it up in class or talk to me about it in my office.The University’s general Code of Conduct can be found at the following website: http://www.colorado.edu/sacs/stu-affairs/code.html and its code of conduct guidelines for the classroom can be found at the following website: http://www.colorado.edu/facultyaffairs/deskref/part13.html#Classroom_Behavior_Policy_And_Procedures

Sexual Harassment

I am required by law to report to university officials any sexual harassment that I observe or that is reported to me.The university’s sexual harassment policy can be found at the following website.http://www.cusys.edu/~policies/Personnel/sexharass.html

Academic Honesty

All the work you do in this course is expected to be your own. Absolutely no cheating or plagiarism (using someone else’s words or ideas without proper citation) will be tolerated. Any cases of cheating or plagiarism will be reported to the Office of the Dean of Students.If you cheat, you will fail the course.Please review the University’s policy regarding academic integrity: http://www.colorado.edu/policies/acadinteg.html

Disabilities Accommodation

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities.Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation.Please review the University’s services for such accommodations: http://www.colorado.edu/sacs/disabilityservices/index.html

Required Texts

Marcus, George E., John L. Sullivan, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse.1995.With Malice Toward Some: How People Make Civil Liberties Judgments.Cambridge Univ Press.
Tom R. Tyler.1998.Social Justice in a Diverse Society.Westview Press
Hamilton, V. Lee and Joseph Sanders. 1994.Everyday Justice: Responsibility and the Individual in Japan and the Untied States.Yale Univ Press.

Course Outline

The purpose of the first part of this class is to understand the different sources of the law.In other words, we will investigate the problems in society that are to be solved by the introduction of law in political systems, such as injustice and inequality.You are required to be able to identify the concerns of the different philosophers represented on the reading list as well as demonstrate the relative importance of the above concerns.You should also be able to demonstrate the logical foundation of each of the philosophies as well as how that logical foundation leads to solutions.

 

Tuesday August 28   Introduction

Thursday August 30   No Class

Tuesday September 4  Law, Politics and JusticeExcepts from Plato’s Republic(on webpage)

Thursday September 6  Injustice Excerpts from Hobbes’ Leviathan (on webpage)

Tuesday September 11  Inequality Excerpts from Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality (on webpage)

Thursday September 13  Cooperation and Public Goods  Analyzing Politics, Chap 10 (on reserve)
 
 


 
 

The next portion of the class has to do with the rule of law, political tolerance and perceptions of the criminal justice system.In the previous portion of the class, we will have discussed the problems endemic to human societies – we found that human beings disagree about what is comprises a good society.Therefore, in forming a society, we must develop some manner of getting to some good, or at least preventing what we agree is bad.There are several ways of dealing with this: ensuring constitutionally that there are realms that are unfettered by politics (rule of law), ensuring equal access to the political process (political tolerance or the accepting that even the most vile of political opponents ought to have the benefit of freedom of speech), and a fair judicial process.We will look at the relationship between our empirical observations of human psychology and these three aspects of our political systems.The two articles dealing with the rule of law juxtapose the importance of psychological or symbolic attachments to the law (Gibson) with the importance of cost benefit analysis (Weingast) in maintaining the rule of law.With Malice Toward Some, (Marcus, et al.) shows how people form their attitudes about allocating civil liberties to individuals and groups that they do not like.“Prime Suspects,” (Iyengar, et al.) deals with how people use information from the media to form their opinions about criminal law and punishments.
 
 


 
 

Tuesday September 18   The Rule of Law: Costs and Benefits   The Rule of Law: Weingast (on reserve and web page): NOTE: YOU SHOULD PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE FIRST TWO PAGES AND THEN TO PAGES 251-262.
 

Thursday September 20   The Rule of Law: Psychological Attachments   The Soviet Putsch: Gibson (on reserve and web page)

Tuesday September 25   Causes of Political Tolerance   With Malice Toward Some Chapter 2

Thursday September 27   Political Tolerance and Contemporary Information   With Malice Toward Some, Chapter 7

Tuesday October 2   Political Tolerance and Personality   With Malice Toward Some, Chapters 8 and 10

ThursdayOctober 4   No class FALL BREAK

Tuesday October 9   Perceptions of Criminals and Punishments   Gilliam and Iyengar, “Prime Suspects” (on web page) link to website
 
 


 
 

“What does a dog owe to a dog, and a horse to a horse? Nothing, no animal depends on his like; but man having received the ray of divinity called reason, what is the result? Slavery throughout almost the whole world.” Voltaire (1694-1778)
 
 


 
 

The next portion of the class we will discuss the use of the law to achieve economic goods as well as social liberty and equality.We will read Hayek’s view that the exclusion of certain areas of economic policy from the political process engenders economic prosperity as well as liberty.We will discuss, but not read, John Rawl’s theory of justice that justifies some reasonable levels of redistribution.We will also look at excerpts from Trust, which discusses the effect of legal culture on economic performance.


 
 

Thursday October 11   The Rule of Law: Economic Regulation and Liberty   Hayek, Chapter 16 (on reserve)

Tuesday October 16   Building Fences: Property Rights and Prosperity   North and Weingast(on reserve and web page)

Thursday October 18   The Political Economy of Legal Culture   Trust, Fukuyama, Chapters 24, 25 and 26 (on reserve)

Tuesday October 23   Review

Thursday October 25   Midterm
 
 


 
 

People, in fact, seem to feel more strongly about their legal wrongs than about the wrongs inflicted on them by violence.In the first case they think they are being outdone by an equal, in the second case they are being compelled by a superior (Thucydides).
 
 

Legitimacy, the voluntary relationship between the citizen and the state, depends on public perceptions of the law, the state or institutions.For legal institutions with no formal power to enforce compliance, legitimacy is that much more important.Because of this, it is important to look at what drives people to believe that a law or the legal process is legitimate.Tyler’s Social Justice evaluates the extent to which the psychology of justice differs among groups in a diverse society.Hamilton and Sander’s Everyday Justice develops cultural and contextual theories of why people attribute differing levels of legal responsibility.You will be expected not only to be familiar with the theories developed by each of these works, but you will also be expected to integrate the controversies inspired by these theories into a single theoretical understanding of these phenomena.
 
 


 
 

Tuesday October 30 Psychology of Justice Social Justice, Chapters 1 and 2

Thursday November 1 Procedural Justice Social Justice, Chapter 4; Paper topic with Bibliography Due.

Tuesday November 6 Minorities and Procedural Justice Social Justice, Chapter 9

Thursday November 8 Justice and Democracy in a Diverse World Social Justice, Chapter 10

Tuesday November 13 Politics of Retribution Everyday Justice, Chapter 1

Thursday November 15 Context and Retribution Everyday Justice, Chapters 4 and 6

Tuesday November 20 Culture and Retribution Everyday Justice, Chapters 10 and 11

Thursday November 22 No class
 
 


 
 

“The law will never make men free; it is men who have got to make the law free.” - Henry David Thoreau, Mar 30, 1851
 
 


 
 

The next section deals with the effect of interest groups and the litigant community on Courts, both here in the U.S. and in other countries.The idea is that the Court cannot hear issues based on abstract principle, but rather it can only hear true cases and controversies; therefore, if it is to become important politically, then it is dependent on the conflicts that arise to provide them with important political issues.Epp’s book, The Rights Revolution shows that courts are impotent without an active litigant community that is interested in using courts to drive public policy.We will also be discussing the policy of regulating pornography.This case study of the intersection of law and policy shows the importance of framing policy issues in terms of jurisprudence, as well as evidence of the use of social science evidence in legal opinions.
 
 


 
 

Tuesday November 27 Rights Revolution, United States   Epp: Chapters 4.

Thursday November 29 Rights Revolution, India and Britain   Epp: Chapters 5 and 7.

Tuesday December 4 Rights Revolution, Canada   Epp: Chapters 10 and 11.

Thursday December 6 Pornography Policy   Strossen v. Dworkin (on web page)

Tuesday December 11 Pornography Policy   Childress Review Essay (on reserve)

Thursday December 13 Review 
 
 


 
 

Take home Final Exam Due: Monday, Dec. 17, 5:00 pm
 
 


 
 

Explanation of Paper.
 
 

You should find a research topic dealing with judicial politics.You should review the academic literature associated with your topic.From that literature, you should deduce your own theory from an idea that comes from a lacuna (something missing) in that literature.You should develop a research design that would answer the question that you have deduced is an important one and explain how you intend to go about doing this research and the implications of the findings that you expect.YOU ARE NOT EXPECTED TO DO THE RESEARCH DESCRIBED IN YOUR RESEARCH DESIGN.YOUR PROJECT OUGHT TO DESIGN RESEARCH THAT YOU COULD NOT POSSIBLY COMPLETE WITH YOUR RESOURCES.

Outline of your paper:

Research Question – First Sentence or Two.

Why the Question is Important – 2 pages.

Other Related Theories From the Literature – 4-6 pages.

Theory – 1-1.5 pages.

Hypotheses. One paragraph.

Testing the Hypotheses. 2-3 pages.

Discussion of the Implications of Expected Findings.2 pages.

You will be graded on the rigor of your use of the literature to deduce an important question, and to make an argument that your theory and hypotheses are sound.